The monograph "Scientific and methodological foundations for improving the content of secondary and higher education" examines scientifically based approaches to improving the content of secondary education and scientific and methodological foundations for the development of higher education in the field of functional literacy. The object of the research is the issues of development, perception, formation and evaluation of functional literacy in secondary and higher education. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in national science, an attempt has been made to study the issues of functional literacy development comprehensively at different institutional and educational levels. This monograph was prepared as part of the implementation of the scientific and technical program No. OR11465485, and the authors express their gratitude to the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the funding provided. The monograph is intended for a wide range of people interested in issues of teacher education, higher education, secondary education and functional literacy.